Application of intelligent lighting control energy-saving device on expressway

Abstract: Highway lighting energy saving is an important measure to create a conservation-oriented society and people-oriented service for the public. This paper introduces the principle and operation cycle of intelligent lighting control energy-saving devices through the analysis of the current situation of highway lighting in Zhejiang Province. The comparison between the measured data and the intelligent lighting control energy-saving device installed on the Maoshiling Tunnel and the Qianjiang Second Bridge shows the energy-saving effect and promotion value that can be achieved.

Keywords: expressway intercommunication tunnel lighting intelligent lighting regulation energy-saving device measured energy saving

I. Preface <br> With the country's 1% of the land and 6% of the population to achieve 20% of the country's GDP, 30% of the total import and export volume and 40% of the foreign capital of the Yangtze River Delta region, in recent years, more and more serious "electricity Waste and environmental pressure. In 2005, Zhejiang's GDP reached 1,336.5 billion yuan, and its economic aggregate ranked fourth in the country. Zhejiang Province relied on the location advantages of the “Yangtze River Delta” to build a Hangzhou Bay industrial belt and cultivate advanced manufacturing bases. The demand for electricity will continue. Maintain a double-digit growth rate. In recent years, the overall power supply has been tight. The lack of electricity has changed from the peak of summer peaks or dry seasons in some areas to the continuous lack of electricity and random shortages throughout the year. The shortage of power supply has once again become a bottleneck restricting social and economic development. In 2005, the province's electricity consumption increased by 18.7% over the previous year, and the accumulated electricity loss was 1.58 billion kWh, making it one of the most power-deficient provinces in the country.
In an effort to create a resource-conserving society, focus on alleviating energy bottlenecks in Zhejiang Province, and promote comprehensive, coordinated and sustainable economic and social development, Zhe Zhengfa [2006] No. 35, issued by the Zhejiang Provincial People's Government, on strengthening energy conservation and consumption reduction The Notice of Work clarifies the focus of energy conservation and consumption reduction, and lighting energy conservation is one of the nine major priorities.

II. Analysis of the current situation of highway lighting in Zhejiang Province The JTG B01-2003 Highway Engineering Technical Standard stipulates that lighting facilities should be set when the length of the expressway and first-class highway is greater than 100 meters; lighting facilities should be set in the road toll plaza and service area; Lighting facilities should be installed at the intersection of the city entrance and exit, and the intersection of the bridge and the special bridge. At present, the total length of expressways that have been opened to traffic in Zhejiang Province is 1866 kilometers. All highway tunnels with a length of more than 100 meters are equipped with tunnel lighting fixtures according to the "JTJ 026.1-1999 Highway Tunnel Ventilation Lighting Design Specification". The light source is generally 100W~ 400W high-pressure sodium lamp; the charging plaza and service area are also equipped with lighting facilities according to the corresponding traffic volume. According to the size of the square to be photographed, high-pole lighting lamps and low-bar road lights are respectively arranged, and most of the interchanges are equipped with high-pole lighting facilities. Road bridges are also equipped with bridges that span representative rivers such as Qiantang River, Fuchun River, Xin'an River, and Minjiang River. High-beam illumination sources are generally 400W~1000W high-pressure sodium lamps and high-pressure mercury lamps; low-post road lights The light source generally uses a 250W~400W high pressure sodium lamp. According to incomplete statistics, the annual electricity cost of a single tunnel with a length of 3000km is about 492,000 yuan. A single horn or 苜蓿 leaf type intercom is about 76,000 yuan per year. A double horn or hub type is used for about 151,000 yuan per year. . At present, highway operating companies generally take the following measures to save operating expenses:
1. Setting the intercommunication of lighting basically does not turn on the lights at night;
2. Set the intercommunication of the lighting to open before 24 o'clock in the evening, close 1/3 after 24 o'clock, and only open 1/3 after 2 o'clock;
3. The tunnel that sets the lighting only has 1/2 illumination during the day, and only 1/2 illumination is provided for the basic section at night.
At present, China's expressways are still toll roads, and auxiliary facilities such as lighting are installed on the roads to better provide safe, high-quality and comfortable driving environment for road users. Although the above several measures are saved in terms of electricity consumption, at the expense of the quality of road users' services, it is not enough to get people's legal awareness.

Third, the new type of highway lighting energy-saving equipment <br> The original street lamp control only considers opening, closing and some protection. At present, the country is promoting a conservation-oriented society, so energy-saving equipment should also be adopted in highway lighting. At present, the commonly used gas discharge lamp does not proportionally decrease the illuminance when the voltage is reduced within the allowable range, that is, it has the characteristics of reducing the voltage and the illuminance does not change much, so that moderately reducing the voltage use can ensure the illumination quality, and can greatly save power consumption. , saving considerable electricity bills.
At present, for the purpose of energy saving, various types of lighting energy-saving devices have appeared on the market, among which there is a new type of intelligent lighting control energy-saving device, and the single-phase principle of the device is shown in FIG. It is a series of compensation transformer windings connected in series in the main loop, and the potential generated by it is superimposed with the main power source to change the output voltage value. Since the transformer is not directly used for power supply, but only compensates (about 30% of the total power supply voltage), the power and volume of the transformer can be reduced to 30%, which can save a lot of copper wire, iron core and other materials.

Figure 1 Schematic diagram of intelligent control device

The primary winding of the compensation transformer is connected to the taps of the tapped transformer by an electronic power component (solid state switch), and the electronic power component is responsible for two tasks: 1 according to the command of the microprocessor, the connection of the on and off and the tap 2 according to the instruction of the microprocessor Subdivide voltage - that is, adjust the conduction level, change the amplitude of the superimposed voltage to increase the voltage level and the accuracy of each level. If the tap of each stage is 5V and it is in the range of 5V, it can be divided into 1V and 5th. Since the conduction degree of the electronic component is changed, the phase and the like are not changed, so the waveform distortion is small.
The power supply allows the fluctuation range to be set from 184 to 244V. When the sampled input voltage exceeds the set value, the microprocessor immediately instructs the electronic power unit to switch to the appropriate tap with no contact zero-crossing to ensure that the output voltage is within ±2% (5V) of the nominal voltage.
In addition to the key technology of the calculation of the parameters of the transformer in addition to the transformer, the microprocessor analyzes and judges the output signal of the sample, and immediately makes an instruction to turn the electronic switch on and off. The electronic switch follows the instructions of the microprocessor. Synchronously on and off in synchronization with the power supply (in phase).
The intelligent lighting control energy-saving device is an economical and reliable, harmonic-free energy-saving device, which can realize the optimal working condition of the lighting fixture and meet the requirements of people for lighting energy saving. According to the conditions of the best operating conditions and the illumination standards and the large energy saving requirements, the lighting curves are compiled according to different time periods, as shown in Figure 2. Its working process is: soft start → voltage regulation → step-down energy saving → voltage regulation. The control of the street light power switch can be realized according to the sunshine curve and the well-known common methods such as astronomical clock, light control, PLC, and remote control device.

Figure 2 Schematic diagram of the operating cycle

Note:
1 t0~t1: Start soft start from 200V. This voltage lasts for 2min30s, which can eliminate 40% of the startup surge of the lamp.
2 t1~t2: Raised to 220V in a slow ramp, this process lasted 5 minutes.
3 t2~t3: rated voltage operation.
4 t3~t4: The energy-saving command is issued and the voltage is reduced to the energy-saving voltage in a slow ramp mode. This process lasts 10 minutes. According to the different energy-saving voltages of the lamps, the voltage of the high-pressure mercury lamp is about 200V, and the voltage of the high-pressure sodium lamp is about 190V (guaranteeing the end high-pressure mercury lamp voltage of 190V and the high-pressure sodium lamp voltage of 180V).
5 t4~t5: Energy-saving voltage operation, the time can be according to local conditions, such as the Zhejiang area is generally 23 to 5 o'clock.
6 t5~t6: Release the energy-saving command and raise it to 220V in slow slope mode. This process lasts 10 minutes.
7 t6~t7: Rated voltage operation, the light is darker before dawn, and the traffic flow is increased to restore brighter light.

Figure 3 Intelligent lighting control device power distribution system diagram

The intelligent lighting control energy-saving device and the low-voltage power distribution device form a complete lighting control device, which is divided into the opening and closing lights and energy-saving time control, the main circuit protection and the automatic, manual control switch and the maintenance socket part. Figure 3 is a diagram of the power distribution system of the intelligent lighting control energy-saving device. The working process is PLC1 or light control or manual to make J1 pull in, and then KM pulls in, turns on all lighting circuits, and the control device starts to work according to the curve segment t1~t3 of Fig. 2. Go to PLC2 to give a short-circuit signal to the “energy-saving terminal” in the control device. The control device works according to the curve segment of t3~t5 in Figure 2 until the short-circuit signal is evacuated. At this time, work according to the curve segment of t5~t7 in Figure 2 until the PLC or Light control or manual powering off J1 until one cycle ends. In addition, if you need PLC3 to make J2 pull in, then KM1, KM3, KM5, KM7 lose power, that is, you can turn off 1/3 of the lights after 24 o'clock, until 2 o'clock in the morning, PLC4 makes J3 pick up, and then KM2, KM4, KM6, The KM8 loses power and turns off 1/3 of the lights.

Fourth, the energy-saving effect measured <br> The intelligent compensation and voltage-saving energy-saving device was also measured in the Maoshiling Tunnel No. 2 substation of the Yongtaiwen Expressway. The tunnel light line was controlled by the substation, and the left hole, The right holes are each 1.2 km. The voltage and current data are shown in Table 1 to Table 4.

Table 1 Operation data of intelligent lighting control energy-saving devices installed (test date: 2005.1 19 19:15~12.7 19:14)

Table 2 Installation of intelligent lighting to control the illuminance of energy-saving devices (test date: 2005.12. 7 14 : 00)

Note: A total of 9 test points are selected, and each point is measured with two data. The first data is the strongest light directly below the tunnel light, and the second data is the weakest light between the two tunnel lights.

Table 3 Operation data of intelligent lighting control energy-saving devices are not installed (test date: 2005.12.7 19 : 34~12.8 19 : 33 )

Table 4 Illumination of energy-saving devices without intelligent lighting control (test date: 2005.12. 7 14 : 00 )

Note: A total of 9 test points are selected, and each point is measured with two data. The first data is the strongest light directly below the tunnel light, and the second data is the weakest light between the two tunnel lights.

It can be obtained from Table 1 and Table 3: 1 After installing the intelligent lighting control device, the power saving is 588-409=179 (kwh), and the power saving rate is 179/588=30.4%. 2Because the illuminance of the light in the darkest part between the two tunnel lights is very small, the light intensity of the tunnel light is the strongest. The most obvious change of the illuminance before and after the installation of the intelligent lighting control device is the right of the No. 56 fire hydrant. 28-25) / 28 = 10.7%, it can be seen that the illuminance is not comparable to the voltage drop, and the illuminance changes are not obvious.
In addition, the 80盏250W high-pressure sodium lamp was measured on the Qianjiang Second Bridge of Zhejiang Shanghai-Hangzhou-Ningbo Expressway using the intelligent compensation and voltage-saving device. The test section has a total length of 2 kilometers. The end of the light pole is about 1 kilometer according to the control box. According to the test before installation of the device (when no energy is saved), the voltage drop of the last lamp is 15V. After installing the device (energy saving), the lamp is at the end. The pressure drop is 9V, and the illumination at the time of energy saving is 96% of the standard value. See Table 5 and Table 6 for voltage and current data.

Table 5 Operation data of intelligent lighting control energy-saving devices installed (test date: 2006.4.20~2006.4.21)

Table 6 Operation data of intelligent lighting control energy-saving devices are not installed (test date: 2006.4.21~2006.4.22)

It can be obtained from Table 5 and Table 6 above that after installing the intelligent lighting control device, the power saving is 167-97=70 (kwh), and the power saving rate is 70/167=41.6%.
At present, the intelligent control device has been used in the intercontinental lighting project of Hangzhou (State) New (Anjiang) Jing (Dezhen) Expressway. There are 18 single-horn intercommunication and two hubs intercommunicating with Hangxinjing Expressway, and 22 sets of intelligent control devices are installed. According to the average power saving rate of 36% of the above two tests, the annual energy saving (18×7.6+2×15.1)×36%=595,000 yuan, that is, only one interoperable lighting can save the owner nearly 600,000 yuan per year. That is to ensure the effective illumination of the road, to provide good quality of service for road users, and also to save the operating costs of the road operators, to achieve two birds with one stone, and the device (excluding the power distribution part) It is about 30,000 yuan, a total of 660,000 yuan, and its installation cost can be recovered in 13 months.
According to incomplete statistics, as of June 2006, there are about 92 single-horn intercommunication, 18 dual-horn intercommunication and 15 hub intercommunication. If the intelligent lighting control energy-saving device is promoted in the intercommunication zone, it is estimated that it can be saved every year. Electricity (92 × 7.6 + 18 × 15.1 + 15 × 15.1) × 36% = 4.31 million yuan, that is, without significantly reducing the road illumination every year, only one lighting can save 4.31 million yuan, such as with different The combination of switching time, the energy saving effect is better, and has a good energy saving promotion value.

References [1] Statistical Communiqué of Zhejiang National Economic and Social Development in 2005 Zhejiang Statistical Bureau, Zhejiang Survey Corps of the National Bureau of Statistics;
[2] In 2005, Zhejiang's economy developed steadily and rapidly, Zhejiang Provincial Bureau of Statistics;
[3] The Yangtze River Delta has launched a green world of “green lighting” projects;
[4] Zhejiang Zhoushan Coal Transfer Terminal Project Feasibility Study Report Zhejiang Transportation Planning and Design Institute;
[5] Intelligent compensation and voltage-saving energy-saving device for street lighting Chen Weiming Wang Hui Wu Jiayu Shi Dingliang.

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